Adrian James L. Bond James F. Bowden John C. Brown Donald C. Burkett Lee C. Engwall James I. Godfroy J. Douglas Hay David B. Lott Arthur W. McKarns Dr. Donald B. Medley Charles W. Sutherland Scott W. Wagner Gerald M. Wallace       Alabama Thomas Whit Armstrong James P. Caldwell Ronald M. Childree Sam E. Christopher Albert B. Davis Jefferson W. Davis Woodford W. Dinning, Jr. Honorable Francis A. Drennen J. Turner Hudson, III Horace C. Hunt A. Venable Lawson Wiley P. Long, Jr. William C. Maffett John L Marty Walter Clayton McCoy Charles T. McDowell Judge Philip B. McLauchlin Clinton Delaine Mountain Archie Norton John E. Rosich Scott W. Spaulding Dr. George H. Wakefield, III George D. Wells Dr. Gerald G. Woodruff Alabama-Birmingham John D. Jolly       Alabama-Huntsville David R. Johnson       Albion John R. Antle Matthew P. Babich Murray F. Brown Donald M. Collins Norman C. Eifler Robert S. Frey Ken M Groves Harold R. Otis Dr. James A. Read Arthur C. Smith Rev. Milton E. Stahl Dr. George R. Walkotten American Richard J. Aubry, Jr. Harry C. Ballman John L Bohraus Frederick D. Carl Warren A. Crosby Richard S. Fleshman John H. Fonvielle, Jr. George T. Glover Donald E. Grant Gilbert M. Hair Jeffrey M. Holden Gary S. Horkey David R. Legge Arthur J. Morales Brian G. O'Neill Newton H. Parkes, III Frank J Patterson Victor F. Phillips, Jr. James E. Pitts, III Stuart S. Redisch Kenneth A. Scutari Ronald W. Sholes Robert K. Van Fossan   Arizona Larry R. Adamson D. David Alspach William A. Barnes George E. Burdick John P. Carrington James J Cordano, Jr. Dwight E. Eller Robert B. Holt Cecil W. James Dennis A. Kuhl Robert C. Majors William E. Malcomb Phillips H. Marshall James P. Marum Steven R. Moore David R. Murray Benjamin A. Ramsey Justin G. Smith Lee Smith Robert A. Smith Robert B. Steenbergen Rob E. Telson     Arizona State John C Badley Col. Edward H. Boyd USMC Ret Thomas H. Bradbury John G. Campbell Ralph J Eady Claude C. Fosdick, III Osborn Neill Foster Rene F. Larriva James H. Manley Richard M. McDaniel Charles Kim Rose Loren W. Vaughn Norman L. Wilson       Arkansas Ronald E. Sheets       Arkansas State John Holder James Victor Hosman Robert W. Mustain Charles D. Owens Tommy D. Womack       Auburn Capt. Herbert O. Burton Bob C. Dickinson D Henry Gambrell, Jr. James Vann Henagan Jack S. Hooks Morse B. Kent Samuel B. Kent Raymond D. Laney W. Travis T. McGowin John F. Porter Eugene S. Reynolds Newton O. Smyth George H. Wakefield, Jr. Todd D. Williams Franklin C. Wilson   Auburn-Montgomery James D. Johnson       Austin Peay State Jeffrey Lynn Thomason       Baldwin-Wallace Jesse A. Bell Ross W. Briggs Robert C. Cawrse Thomas L. Culbertson Michael H. Hamza Robert D. Havens Donald E. Himes Joseph M. Ivcevich Edward E. Klemm Robert J. Mack Curt R. Miller William W. Moland William H. Mowat James F. Nevison William A. Niro Harold R. Ossman Milan Pribicevich Albert H. Stahmer Frederick C Stephens Mark H. Summers William B. Summers David L. Tressel Floyd A. Trouten James Vance D P Weston       Ball State Gary N. Beaumont Larry A. Blade Charles Bricker Jason E. Bruce Eugene F. Crabill John A. Crabill Charles J. Damler Robert M. Damler William L. Evans Bill Goerich Gregory A. Holt Kevin M. Jones W. John Leganza Scott A. LeVeque Steven A. Nall Kevin J. Singh Matthew E. Smith Thomas J. Weinschenk     Baylor William J. Dube, III Michael T. Kahley Christopher A. Pahl Oliver Lee Sharp, III Bemidji State James E Hetland       Birmingham-Southern Cletus M Bonds, Jr. Raiford W. Cooper William E Dean, Jr. LtCol. John D. Henderson Robert H. Howard Robert F. Jones William R. Mitchell Dr. Louis R. Smith Robert E. Smith Dr. J Terrell Spencer Frank A Wagner Michael R. Williams Bowdoin John L. Church Walter F. Thomas Felix S. Verity Robert J. Waldron Bowling Green State Allen L. Allion Thomas A. Ammeter Thomas J. Bebout Christopher T. Beseda Willis A. Ensign David L. Feasby Karl A. Friend William G. Galbraith Edward C. Gregor David L. Hein Charles W. Holcomb Frederick H. Jackson William R. McCann Glen D. Perry Allan J. Schutt, M.D. James D. Smith Donald L. Speck       British Columbia Walter H. Lewis       Brown S. James Beale       Cal Poly-Pomona Kirk MacArthur Judy William R. Kane     Carnegie-Mellon Frederick J. Artz Valentine T. Brandner, Jr. Joseph D. Defilippi Allen C. Green Thomas D. Greider John R. Huffman Edward J. McVay Alan W. Morten, Jr. M. Delmar Ritchie Lawrence J. Ropelewski Henry D. Segalini   Central Florida Robert E. Brownrigg Glenn A. Dial C. Douglas Elliott Paul J. Halyard David C. Miller W. Bruce Mulvey Brian G. Musick Anthony M. Scala Kent F. Schaber Dwight D. Sparling     Central Missouri State Marcus D. Casteel Alan Matthew Dodds     Central Oklahoma James Enderby Bidlack Ellworth D. Humes Paul J. Kessler Dewayne A. Misner Charleston Dr. Maxcy C. Boineau Scott A. Cracraft Alan M. Craig Jeffrey A. Foster Ralph M. Hendricks Robert F McMurran II Rene Ravenel Nathaniel O. Wallace Chicago Dr. George J. Rotariu       Cincinnati Edwin J. Alexander Donald R. Batchelder William B. Boatright William W. Britton Thomas D. Cooper Dr. Randall W. Franz LtCol. Philip G. Geib Solon L. Graham Ralph M. Hail Theodore K. Harris Daniel C. Heineman William A. Herring Robert H. Huber Daniel M Janosik Jack N. Kaiser Gary P. Kreider Richard M. Lasure Douglas C. Lawrence Ralph B. Melick James F. Miller George H. Musekamp Anthony P. Rastani Richard C. Rastani James B. Schoelwer Honorable John T. Sharpnack Thomas G. Smith Robert N Sturm, Jr. Donald A. Turner Anthony L. Wendeln Duane E. Wiedor Paul M Woodward Frederick J. Zint Clemson Jan L McCormick Frank B. Rogers, III M. Noel Turner   Colby Paul T. Harrington Michael G. McNamara Scott D. Olewiler   Colgate Mark K. Brennan Randall M. Green Everett E Hanke Michael S McNally H Grant Schroeder William E. Walpole     Colorado Donald E. Clark Charles E. Crist Edward S. Havasy Ronald D. Hicks John A. Kintzele Jack W. Montgomery James L. Owsley R. Dale Rector Edmond F. Ritcher James R. Sherman Ted Shestak Lorn M. Shields Jack H. Stoltz Ronald A. Sudduth J. Mark Taggart Edward M. Tomsic J. Alan Webber Eugene D. Wurdinger     Colorado Mines Richard F. Hatfield James A. Hollywood Stanley J. Krick Kenneth W. Nickerson Ernest F. Riefler John S. Southworth Frank M. Stephens, Jr. Gerald E. Van Sickle Colorado State George H. Boulton George Cox Anthony Gambacorta William S. Gilmer Philip D. Harman C. Duane Harris Robert A. Piper Rick L. Prichard Robert A. Smutz Alfred R. Westfall Dr. Ralph L. Westfall   Cornell Anthony J. Blumenstetter Florian F. Ceperley John Egan Jerome Fein Joseph H. Hodgson Thomas G. Linxweiler Harold B. MacPhillamy Richard O. Mohring Paul E. Pentz Frank Santa-Donato Fred D. Winslow   Culver-Stockton Ronald W. Hechler Kevin R. Petschow     Davidson Linny M. Baker Joel H. Braswell Smith Murphey Frank M. Renfrow James W. Stewart       Delaware Gregory R. Babowal George M. Chamberlain, Jr. Joseph K. Champness Elbert Chance Richard William Chappell Peter L. Disanza Joseph H. Fisher Robert W. Gore Gregory R. Hoy Daniel S. Hudson Sean P. Hughes Robert L. Hutchison H. Daniel Jobe Douglas W. Johnson Benjamin H. Lane, Jr George A. MacFarland Thomas E Makowski Dennis M. McCambridge Alfred L. Minite Douglas N. Mitten James W. Myers William L. Payne Richard W. Perry Thomas K. Pratt Donald S. Renshaw Yorke E. Rhodes Thomas G. Rodenhiser J David Ruf Richard D. Sanderson Kent Stoneman Scott P. Sullivan Daniel G. Tynan Ferris W Wharton Robert A. Woodruff     Denison Rhoane T. Bell, III Jon B. Boss William S. Glickfield John R. Lininger John R. Smart James D. Tracy Rollie Trayte   Denver David T. Anderson Robert F. Appuhn David S. Frech Guy L Gronquist Dean G. Lehman Stephen E. Parker Jerry R. Swanson Bruce M. Van Slyke DePauw Charles A. Adams J Robert Ball Donald E. Blatchley Stephen D. Boyce Arthur L. Bryant Curtis R. Bryant Louis O. Carr Todd M. Cleveland Byron W. Daugherty Mark E. Davis Robert J Doherty Howard W. Eloe Jack W. Graham David C. Hess Kevin A. Krakora Neil J Kurland Thomas W. Lontz Dennis G. Lydick C. Scott Molden Jefferson O. Neff, Jr. Robert J. Nunn Paul D. Pearson Josh Pitcock William E. Schmidt Foundation Inc Thomas M. Schneider Benjamin W. Stokes John G. Taflinger Brad J. Tandy Seth Thomas Wilburn       Drake Jerry K. Allen Scott Arquilla Robert J. Baldwin Paul T. Beyer Loren D. Carlson Robert L. Goldman Paul O. Grodt Capt. Larry D. Hamilton Lovitt W. Henderson Hubert G. Mote Raymond J. Nicklas Peter B. Pauli S. Josiah Penberthy, Jr. Paul E. Varde Robert A. Werner   Duke Rodney E. Bate Guilbert L. Brandon Col. William C Britt Peter C. Brockett John C. Conner Malcolm F. Crawford James G. Dalton, Sr. John C. Ellsworth Alfred F. Hooker, Jr. Brig. Gen. Herbert H. Hurst, Jr. Charles L Rocker Ben Rosenblum George M. Rushforth Roy L. Smart, Jr. Richard J. Warren T. Scott Wilkinson William B. Wilmer Joseph D. Wright John J. Younger   Duquesne Father Naos McCool       Emory Albert G. Allen W. Daniel Barker William T. Beggs Russell M. Broda Dr. G. Revis Butler, Jr. Henry R. Cooper Frank T. Corker Dr. Sewell H. Dixon R. Hugh Douglas William M. Douglas Marion H. Greene Karl R. Guest William L. Heinz Robert H Hickman Roy O. Hill, Jr. Dr. Charles W. Holmes, III Dr. John S. Inman, Jr. Jack A. Lang Joseph E. Lay Daniel C. Martin Dr. James H. Mason John T. McTier Donald R. Moore Kenneth F. Murrah Daniel R. Oseran E. Alan Paulk Keith S. Peterson Roger N. Phillips Dr. Alan D. Price Dr. John Crayton Pruitt Stephen G. Ray Dr. Stewart R. Roberts, Jr. Jerry M. Robinson, M.D. Jacob R. Rozier Henry M. Shaver Kyle D. Smith, Jr. Dr. Walter Dan Stinson Jesse E. Summers Albert D. Thomson, Jr. T. Cole Van Houten John A. Wapensky       Exchange List Community Foundation of Gaston Co. Cheri J. Dillon Doris C Elle William D Forsyth, Jr. Glade Foundation Lewis Gulick Frances P Lease Diana C. Lee Rose E Rue       Florida Charles W. Abbott Louie N. Adcock, Jr. Robert N. Anderson Comdr. C. Jackson Baldwin James A. Barks Murray D. Beard Gerald L. Black James I. Black, III Daniel C. Brawner Ronald E. Bray Marvin W. Brice Frank A. Buskirk Richard W. Calvitt George B. Cappy Col. George A. Chatfield, Jr. Jesse B. Colley Richard W. Cope Curtis G. Culver Ralph C. Dell Richard P. Donnellan Robert W. Duckworth Chad G. Durrance W. William Ellsworth George W. Etheridge, Jr. Jack W. Evans Ralph L. Evans Robert P. Evans, IV Ronald W. Featherstone Jeb R Ferebee Robert G. Firkins Joseph W. Fleece James L. Fly Robert L. Green Joseph S. Guernsey Yon P. Hammel Woodford H. Hayes Thomas C. Heath William E. Herron, Jr. C. Harold Hippler, Jr. Paul M. Huddleston Robert A. Isaac Matt M. Jetton Douglass E. Johnson Jay A. Johnston Donald R Jones Ronald A Jones Philip A. Kellogg Thomas B. Kibler James H. Kimbrough, Jr. John M. Kuykendall Buck Lanier J. Fran Lasseter, Jr. Allen L. Lastinger, Jr. James D. Latimer Coman C. Leonard Charles B. Lewis Charles B. Lowe Dr. Michael S. Mallonee Virgil D. Martin James H. Mayfield Jon C. Mazzoli Michael W. Melvin T. Stephen Melvin, Jr. John B Miller Dr. Robert Harvey Miller Maj. Christopher C. Morton James W. Moyles, III Jeffrey S. Neale Brian Thomas Nicholson Mark A. Nouss W. Bruce O'Donoghue Edmund E. Olson Murray W Overstreet Joseph M. Paniello Charles M. Paulk, Jr. Dr. Jeffrey P. Phelan Francis E. Pierce, III Charles E. Poe James G. Pressly Donald R. Prokes Henry C. Richardson L. F. Rossignol, III Michael G. Roy Jack B. Salt Johnny Sanders Wiley Terrell Simpson Angelo G. Spicola, Jr. John Tom Stewart Steven M. Strange William D. Tenney Harold R. Torrance, M.D. Francisco F Trafficante Richard E. Turner Wayne E. Wadsworth Howe Q. Wallace, Jr. Robert David Wallace Mark V. White Charles P. Wright     Florida Atlantic Richard P. Gerdus Robert T. Langford Paul M. Lawless Eric E. Oliver Gerald A. Teske Wayne R Thomann Stephen Yuenger   Florida State Clark W. Bailey Edward J. Boyack Alwyn C. Cash, Jr. Gerald P. Cigarran Honorable Cory J. Ciklin Lewis C. Cochran Lee R Corso John W Craig, Sr. Vernon G. Edgar, Jr. James D. Entinger Jeff P. Fusile Keith E. Hackley Craig L. Hodges Robert M. Jernigan Timothy S. Jones William H. Kemp Melvin C. Magidson Trent Marr Richard T. Mead Gregory R. Michaud George M Russell John W. Rynerson Louis C. Taormina William H. Williams Georgia Ray M. Abernathy John J Ciccarone Dr. Davis Fort Bernard W. Franklin Shaun William Fretz Claude P Harman, Jr. William W. Heaton Donald R Keough Rev. D. Frederick Lindstrom Fred A. Miller, Jr. Carl A. Reid Edward S. Sell, Jr. Ralph B. Sheffield, Jr. James R. Stevens Warren B. Stevens Cecil L Strickland William H. Talbot, Jr. James R Traylor, Jr. Cone S Underwood Newton A. Whatley Georgia Southern David J. Biscan Adam K. Blank Edward L. Brown William H. Charles Jeffrey S. Jernigan Mark A. Martin Richard G. Poppell   Georgia State Edward A. Randall       Georgia Tech Robert O. Allen John N. Anderson Richard P. Boggs Walter S. Boone, Jr. Arthur A. Bottone Harry C. Bray F. Sibley Bryan, Jr. Eugene M. Clary Richard E. Collett William R. Collins, Jr. Joel H. Cowan Edward S. Crouch Frederick J. Crowe John R. Curtis Corlyss L. Deadwyler John W. Dyson Theodore M. Forbes Joseph G. Francis, Jr. Robert L. Giordano Samuel J. Haines Jean R. Hecht John R. Herrig Roy P. Herring, III Edwin C. Hill Melton W. Hood John A. Howton Stuart F. Humphries Joseph H. King Stanley M. Lumsden William H. McElveen Andrew B. Meyer William C. Mizell Michael C. Montague Richard C. Peebles, Jr. Robert V. Phillips James P. Poole James K. Pound Cheves T. Powell John E. Robertson Richard B. Robinson James F. Scott J. Frank Stovall, Jr. Arne S. Svindland Dr. David E. Tate John S. Thibadeau, Jr. Albert S. Thornton, Jr. Richard S. Wigton John T. Williamson Stephen M. Worsham       Gettysburg Edward T. Addison, Jr. Col. Robert D. Brubaker David T. Culp Robert J. Dietze Bishop David A. Donges Charles M. Emigh Dr. David H. Fischer Willard P. Graham Col. Charles M. Hangsterfer Robert N. Harcourt James O Hawkins Stanley M. Hostler H. Bruce Riefe Dr. George D. Selfridge Robert H. Stark, Jr. Eugene F Utech Goldey Beacom Kevin M. Lamb Gregory P. Lawville     Hamline Gerald V. Peterson John A. Rollins James E. Sargent John B Studell Timothy W. Sturman       Hillsdale James R. Buck Eugene D. Charland Charles E. Ervin James W. Hallock David S. Harman Gary R. Hickory Brian Horn Dr. Robert A. Koch Leonard J. LoDico Dr. Alton G. Marshall Robert A. McConneghy John L. Montooth Davis P Moore Walter A. Scott John E. Sukup   Idaho Earl C. Acuff John M. Ayers Robert J. Drummond James E. Grant Richard A. Jurvelin David R. Nordby Clifford L. Pratt John R. Smiley John C. Stanphill Col. Arthur B. Swan Jeffrey G. Wombolt   Illinois C. Donald Ainsworth John C. Aymond Daniel J. Bareither William T Barry Robert T. Benton Wilson J Besant Paul F. Blanke John J. Bowman Samuel Epes T. Boykin Jonathan M. Bradley Walter S. Browning, Jr. Robert B. Burns Merle R. Carroll W. Jack Chamblin Dr. Alan B DeBord Harold Boysen Diemer G Ronald Douglas Jeffrey L. Ferguson Dr. James T. Frakes Thomas C. Garrison Carl A. Germann Walter P. Hartje James R. Hayes Kevin T. Heine James R. Heninger Thomas B. Herrick Kurt L. Hoeferle William B. Hopper Thomas W. Hough E. Michael Houlihan Merrill W. Huffman Larry B. Jones Patrick Keen David J. Koscielniak Edward F. Kral, Jr. Joseph H. Landon Donald W. Leuthold Michael B. Lindsay Dane K. Luhrsen William F. McCarty William F. McCarty, III Hal D. McReynolds Richard Meinke William R. Mitchell Edward D. Mountz H. C. Murchison Craig A. Nadborne Jonathan T. Nassos Keith D. Nickoley Nobel D. Olson Charles L. Palmer David R Pesavento Ralph W. Peterson, II Dwight W. Pulsfus Gregory A. Reinhardt Bruce E. Rodgers Jerald B. Russ Dr. Thomas J. Schafer Dr. C. David Schmulbach M. William Schueler Kenneth F. Schwab David J. Seiler John H. Seiler Stephen D. Stoddard David D. Teuscher David J. Vaughan Richard A. Voell Robert E Vogele Robert W. Vyverberg, Jr. Robert L. White     Illinois State Donald H. Kathan George J. Nejmeh Roland Spies   Indiana Dana F. Abrahamsen Donald Z. Alexander Joseph E. Allardt Rev. Daniel Atkins Glenn L. Banks James E. Betz John T. Burns Richard G. Chapman Marvin C Christie James H. Cordova Borden D. Crews Stanley W. Dickson John W. Dinkel Christian A. Ditolla Gary L. Dyer Frederick H. Fillmore Michael J Fulk Robert J. Gordon Gilbert V. Hancock James W. Heyde Jon L. Hollingsworth Oliver M. Hunter Dr. Glenn W. Irwin, Jr. Dr. John D. Jones Blair C. Kellison Randy L. Kellogg Roy Kilby Timothy S. Koers Herschel S. Kopp Norman O. Krauss Charles E. Landefeld Charles E. Lanham Reuben Gene Lidster Robert W. Lollar Dr. Robert L. Mann James F Maurer, Jr. Dr. Ralph E. McDonald George G Miller David P. Murphy Gen. William R Nelson Jack W. Pearson Donald A Pebworth Dr. Stephen H. Petersen Dean H. Phillips David J. Potts John H Potts Paul R. Pressler Dr. John S. Regan Stephen S. Reising Robert G. Robb Luther S Roehm James M. Seeright Dennis Trottier Donald L. Viehmann Dr. Edward L. Whalen Dr. David A. Willits Brady C. Wilson       Indiana State Raymond L. Goddard Wayne H Gross Andrew S. Hadley John P. Newton Michael V. Nichols Edward G. Prusz Robert G. Rosenblatt Christian J. Sallows Anthony D. Sanders       Indiana-Pennsylvania Robert H. McDevitt Reed Melis     Iowa Edwin D Blinks Ellsworth J. Glattly Dr. Mark C. Hensel, Jr. Thomas F. Olson Larry L. Smith William H. Walton     Iowa State Col. Warren S. Anderson James R. Barr Thomas R. Becker John D. Bruce Forrest L Carlson Bert J. Doyne John D. Duren Frank J. Fabre Gary A. Flander Thomas L. Healy Andre C. Houle Shawn Michael Kahler Steve J Kohles Karl R. Kullander Todd H. Leyden Paul L. Loupee Robert E. Meyer, II Charles A. Nielsen Derek B. Nordeen William H. Pierce Brig. Gen. Albert C. Pommerenk Robert E. Reeve Steven J. Sage Edwin C. Sandham Joseph C. Saviano Maurice T. Schmoll Matthew E. Sopcich Michael R. Sorden Richard P. Stewart Keith H. Stivers John M. VanderLinden Marion G. Jacksonville State Dr. M. David Dawson       Johns Hopkins Leo J. Gugerty Franz J. Hartig John J. Mitchell Horace Z. Opel Richard J. Rizzo Dr. H. Max Schiebel Charles W. Shivery Harry Edwin Sparhawk LtCol. Robert J. Tebo Col. Earle L. Valenstein     Kansas Peter V. Angles Dr. John S. Burke Thomas J. Campbell Richard W. Hall Kendall C. Hay Gregory M. Klipp Pat K. Price Frederick A. Schneider Robert L. Stark       Kansas State Louis T. Bloukos Case A. Bonebrake Phil B. Bowman Jason R. Cansler Richard R. Carr Philip R. Carter Timothy E. Congrove Johnny L. Corey Brian S. Cyre Cary W Dikeman LtCol. Ronald K. Edwards Larry W. Emig James L. Filson Douglas A. Firebaugh Thomas G. Franzen Mark D. Guttu Francis B. Gwin Robert E. Hahn Dallas D Hill Duane C. Holloway Kenneth P. Jensen Donald J. Jermain George R. Jones Jarrod Kastanek Cameron R. Klein Henry F. Kupfer Cary L. Majors Richard E. Marcotte Donald E. Maskill Paul R. Meier Stephen J Mudrey William L. Muir, III Brian R. Ohrt Don R Opdycke David M. Saunders Cecil R. Shove Robert A. Spanke Richard H. Spingler, Jr. Herschel L. Staats Joseph G. Stein Gregory J. Taphorn LtCol. John O. Thisler Jeff P. Thornbrugh Dr. Rollin W. Vickery Maj. Edwin A. Weber Donald S. Williams Brad R. Winchell   Kent State Donald D. Avdul Daryl D. Bateman Richard V. Brahler Robert M. Brewster William D. Dana Harry L. Dunlavy Robert F. Gill Arnold L. Jack Leo F Kotte Douglas E. Palmer Norman A. Smyke John S. Wallach Kentucky Brantly D. Amberg Robert H. Anderson James N. Bier Matt Clay Thomas A. Dials Edward J. Duke Felix M. Gossum, Jr. Don R Haney Michael W. Maier Dr. Frank J. Maturo, Jr. H. Russell Renaud Robert K Simpson William K. Sparks R